management history thinkers

Frank Bunker GilbrethL:-
He was born on July 7, 1868 in Fairfield, Maine. He was a bricklayer, a building contractor, and a management engineer. He was a member of the ASME, the Taylor Society (precursor to the SAM), and a lecturer at Purdue University. Frank died on June 14, 1924.
Lillian Evelyn Moller was born on May 24, 1878 in Oakland, California. She graduated from the University of California with a B.A. and M.A. and went on to earn a Ph.D. from Brown University. She earned membership in the ASME, and like her husband lectured at Purdue University. Lillian died on January 2, 1972.

Frank and Lillian were married in 1904 and were parents of twelve children. Together they were partners in the management consulting firm of Gilbreth, Inc.

Frank Gilbreth was a bricklayer who invented a special waist-high scaffold to prevent wasted motion of bending over, published Field System 1904, became consultant with his wife in 1912, studied individual unnecessary motions called "therbligs" (Gilbreth backwards), used motion picture camera with clock in corner, died 1924 leaving wife and 11 surviving children, Lillian had earned Ph.D. in psychology from Brown in 1915, joined new American Management Association (ASME barred women), wrote Cheaper by the Dozen, became professor at Purdue after 1935
TAYLOR'STHEORY:
"Taylorism" influenced Americanization crusade after 1915, to make immigrants conform to middle-class values, with slogan "100% American" adopted from "100% Efficiency"
Building ships for the U.S. Navy at Hog Island, 04/29/1918, U.S. Shipping Board, NA
Elihu Root sought to establish efficiency in government arsenals, many Taylorites worked in the Ordinance Dept.
16 states formed efficiency committees, sought ways to grant more power to government to mandate reforms, put power into hands of skilled experts, or "altruistic expertism," and the term "white collar" came into use 1910-20
Special agencies created in WWI to solve special problems: Hoover's Food Administration and McAddo's Railroad Board
Webb-Pomerene Act of 1918 allowed monopolistic combinations in the export trade without fear of antitrust laws
The Edge Act of 1919 allowed banks to invest in corporations for foreign operations
By 1919, Taylorism in decline, was opposed by unions, no support for effort to Americanize the lower class
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